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Understanding how electric cars are driven
in the real world has taken an important step forward with the release
of data from the MINI E field trial in the UK. With 62 members of the
public and 76 pool users running the battery-powered hatchbacks over two
six-month periods, the Government-supported trial is the most in-depth
of its kind in the UK to publish its findings.
An enormous amount of data was collected
electronically by data-loggers in the car and the home charging points,
and also from extensive driver research carried out by Oxford Brookes
University. The early findings have already informed the development of
the 2011 BMW ActiveE car, a four-seat car based on the BMW 1 Series
Coupe, but the biggest beneficiary will be the BMW i3, the first
purpose-built EV from the BMW Group, set for launch in 2013. This
information has also helped to inform UK policy-making decisions and
other EV market stakeholders.
The UK trial discovered that everyday
use of the electric MINIs didn’t radically differ from the typical
driving patterns of a control group of drivers of conventionally powered
cars in the same segment. In fact, the daily journey distance of 29.7
miles was slightly more than the 26.5 miles recorded by the control
cars, a mix of MINI Coopers and BMW 116i models. Interestingly, the UK
average daily distance driven for private cars overall is less than 25
miles. With information gathered by on-board data-loggers, the average
single trip distance was recorded as 9.5 miles compared to the UK
average of seven miles.
Four out of five people reported that
80 percent of their trips could be done exclusively in the MINI E, and
this increased to 90 per cent of users saying that with the addition of
rear seats and a bigger boot, all their trips could have been done in
the MINI E. 84 percent said that severe the severe low temperatures
during both phases of the field trial affected the distance that could
be driven between charges, but despite that, four out of five
participants told the researchers they thought the MINI E was suitable
for winter use, with one user, Janet Borgers, saying she “regularly did
88 miles in a single journey in the cold weather”. Another female
commuter clocked up almost 8,000 miles over a September to March period.
Given the daily driven distance of just
under 30 miles, the drivers felt confident enough not to have to charge
their MINI E every night. In fact, the average was 2.9 times a week
according to information fed back via electricity smart meters, with
special night-time tariffs successfully encouraging individual drivers
to charge when it was cheapest, which coincided with a low demand period
and a greater proportion of renewable energy in the grid mix.
Nine out of ten drivers told the
researchers that charging actually suited their daily routine, with 81
percent agreeing with the statement “I prefer to plug in the car than go
to a fuel station”. The running cost-savings were appreciated by users,
with one participant telling researchers the thing she’d miss most was:
“the money I will have to start paying for fuel again!”
Most charged at home, with 82 percent
using their wall-mounted charging box 90 percent of the time. The lack
of a comprehensive public charging infrastructure in the UK was noted,
with four out of five participants (82 percent) saying they thought that
it was “essential” that a network of charging points was established.
However, almost three quarters (72 percent) said they were able to use
their car perfectly adequately right now as they had access to private
charging.
Asked about their driving experience,
the trial participants were full of praise. Every single one enjoyed the
quietness, with one user quoted as saying: “I like the silence – it’s
very futuristic and it causes a reaction when people notice you pull
away without making a sound.” And they all agreed with the statement:
“electric vehicles are fun to drive.” The reason was partly down to the
“fast pick-up and quick acceleration” of the 204hp MINI, again a
statement that 100 percent agreed with. One even went so far to say it
was “absolutely the best car I have ever driven”.
Driving efficiently to extend the range
was seen as part of the enjoyment rather than a chore. Understanding
that use of the regenerative braking could increase the range by
approximately 15 percent, three quarters of the users (74 percent)
agreed with the statement that it was “a game for me to use the
regenerative braking in a way that enables me to reach my destination
without draining the battery.”
Asked by the Oxford Brookes University
researchers for suggestions to deal with the potential danger from the
low noise at low speeds, over half (56 percent) said that instead of an
artificial noise, the driver should pay more attention. However just
over a quarter (28 per cent) said they’d like to have a warning noise
below 12.5mph.
Almost all participants (96 per cent)
said they’d consider buying an electric car as a result of taking part,
and half (51 percent) revealed they would pay a third more for an EV. A
third (30 percent) said they’d consider taking the plunge within a year,
while 55 percent said they’d hold fire for two or more years.
The trial found that one week was all
that was needed for customers to adapt to the characteristics and
peculiarities of driving an EV, such as charging, range, regenerative
braking and low noise. However those company car drivers invited to use
the MINI E as a pool car on a less frequent basis needed increased
training and support during the initial period of vehicle use in order
to consolidate their learning.
Fleet use was a big part of the trial
with organisations in the UK and in Europe reporting positive feedback
from both individual drivers and also fleet managers monitoring the MINI
E’s use as a pool car. Those users who swapped out of their regular car
reported that the MINI E was fine for 70 percent of journeys made during
the working day, while the pool car success rate was even better with
between 80-90 percent of regular trips achievable.
The speed of charging was an important
consideration for fleet users, while managers also flagged up the need
for a clear procedure for the efficient charging of pool vehicles.
Companies that participated included Scottish and Southern Energy,
Oxfordshire County Council, and Oxford City Council.
The MINI E trial was one of eight UK
projects supported by the £25m Ultra Low Carbon Vehicle Demonstrator
Programme, funded by the Technology Strategy Board and Department for
Transport. These are aimed at bringing forward the introduction of
viable electric passenger vehicles to the UK.
Suzanne Gray, General Manager of BMW i said:
“The feedback from the trial has been invaluable in helping our
understanding of how people really respond to electric cars and other
factors necessary to support electric car drivers. With this information
we will be in a strong position to provide a well-rounded product and
service proposition to customers of the BMW i3 and to work with other
players in the electric vehicle market to make it a successful
experience for a new generation of users.”
Kulveer Ranger, Mayor of London's
environment director, said: 'Electric driving technology is coming on
leaps and bounds, but people naturally still have questions and
concerns. Research such as this by BMW Group into real life experiences
is invaluable as it debunks some common myths and underscores why
electric vehicles are perfect for urban driving. The trial has also
demonstrated the importance attached to supporting infrastructure, which
is why the Mayor of London has launched Source London to provide a
network of charge points that will help to create optimal conditions for
electric vehicle use in the UK’s capital.’
The MINI E Trial in numbers:
- 40 MINI Es
- 12 Months
- 138 Drivers (32 women 106 men)
- 258,105 Miles
- 33,345 Journeys
- 80,282 kWh Electricity
- Highest mileage by an individual
driver over six months - 7954 miles
- Average mileage per vehicle over
six months, including fleet pool cars – 3226
- Average cost to charge over six
months - £60, less than 2p per mile
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